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BAR-97 Hardware Specifications

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2.1 OVERVIEW
Section 2 discusses the hardware performance requirements (and design requirements where necessary) for the BAR-97 Emission Inspection System (EIS) needed to perform emissions testing on the vehicles subject to California's I/M program.

This section covers the computer and its peripherals, the emissions analytical train and its sample conditioning system, the dynamometer, the cabinet and its security, bar code scanning, engine speed measurement, and other equipment.

The EIS comprises an IBM-compatible personal computer (PC), printer, modem, software facilitating both two-speed idle and loaded-mode testing, five-gas analyzer with sample system, zero air and calibration gases, dynamometer, dynamometer control interface, engine cooling fan, bar code reader, fuel cap tester, tachometer, OBDII interface, opacity measurement system (optional), and cabinet.

2.1.1 Computer/Peripheral Compatibility
Computers shall be IBM-PC-compatible. They shall be able to reliably read and/or write IBM-compatible 1.44Mb 3.5" diskettes, CDs and DVDs.

Systems must be capable of producing graphic output on monitors and printers. The computer and printer shall be capable of printing graphics and text displayed on the monitor.

Systems must be capable of communicating with computers using modems and a dial-up connection. The power supply must have the potential to handle at least 100 watts of additional BAR upgrade devices.

2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1 Availability of Circuitry
All components including circuit board and integrated circuits used in the EIS shall be types and brands that are presently in common usage. Custom ROM programs developed by the manufacturer for building the analyzer are allowed. Deviations may be allowed upon approval by BAR.

2.2.2 Clock/Calendar
The EIS shall have a real time clock and calendar that shall make available the current date and time. Both time and date shall be in standard IBM PC format and used to set the computer's date and time on power up.

The EIS shall store the date and time in the Date of Test, Test Start Time and Test End Time fields of the test record and, when appropriate, on the repair record in the Current Date and Current Time fields.

The communication software shall reset the current EIS date/time settings each time contact is made with the VID except during communication diagnostics. The EIS clock shall be reset to the VID clock at the beginning of each test. If the VID determines that the EIS clock is not keeping correct time, the VID shall set a lockout and a message shall be displayed indicating that service is required.

Resetting the clock after a lockout shall require controlled access available only to the quality assurance contractor (QA), State Representatives and the manufacturer's service technician. The access mechanism or procedures shall be approved by the BAR.

The analyzer clock/calendar shall be equipped with a battery backup feature that has a battery with at least a five-year expectancy. The calendar shall handle the year rollover from 1999 to 2000. All software updates shall be activated by the clock/calendar as directed by the BAR.

2.2.3 Data and File Transfer
All calibration, vehicle test records and other EIS files shall be capable of being transferred from the EIS in three ways:

a) Via an IBM PC compatible modem, [optional: digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, wireless, or other similar new technology (located inside the cabinet)] and connection to a telephone line, electronically receiving and/or transmitting data from the VID whenever the EIS connects to the VID.

b) By use of the standard 3.5" IBM 1.44Mb compatible floppy disk on which data is stored.

c) By means of a standard IBM PC fully compatible DB25 enhanced bi-directional parallel port.

2.2.4 Capability To Access OBD Fault Codes
The EIS shall have a port to connect to the OBD II SAE Standardized Link. The link shall enable the EIS to access engine RPM and fault codes for all OBD II equipped vehicles. For certification purposes, BAR requires a description of the OBD II hardware, including its plug and play capability.

Analyzer manufacturers shall incorporate provisions for reading fault codes from vehicles with on-board diagnostics II (OBD II). The CAN protocol is recommended. The SAE Standardized Link shall connect to the vehicle's on-board diagnostics port to automatically interrogate and retrieve fault codes. See section 3 for details.

2.2.5 Analyzer Compatibility
The EIS shall be compatible with all types of automotive service operating environments. The analyzer shall operate under the conditions and performance requirements of this specification.

2.2.6 Testing Throughput Capability
The emissions analyzer shall be designed so that it is capable of performing at least 10 tests per hour for eight consecutive hours without experiencing excessive hangup or other deleterious effects.

2.2.7 EIS Compatibility and Universal Software
As stated in Section 3.2.3.a, 'If BAR initiates development of a software update, manufacturers shall cooperate with the BAR and/or BAR-approving third party.' If universal software is used, EIS manufacturers shall not make any change in hardware or software that would make the universal software ineffective. This requirement shall include manufacturer submittal of all device drivers for major components and peripherals. The BAR and /or a third party contractor will compile these drivers, communication protocols, and any algorithms, calculations, adjustments, required to facilitate EIS performance per BAR-97 Specification into a Standard Drivers List.

2.3 COMPUTERS & PERIPHERAL REQUIREMENTS
An IBM PC compatible computer shall control EIS operation. Each EIS must include the hardware and software needed to perform all functions required by this specification. The computer shall be capable of the following tasks:

1. Collect, operate on, and record second-by-second readings for HC, CO, CO2, O2, NO, dynamometer speed and load, and engine RPM.

2. Monitor and control dynamometer functions.

3. Transmit test, calibration, and second by second (at BAR request) records to the VID.

4. Read and interpret bar code labels from DMV registration documents, technician identification cards, testing facility and technician licenses,
referee labels and VIN labels, and zero and calibration gas cylinder bar code labels

5. Read data from compact discs (CDs) and digital video disks (DVDs).

6. Provide storage for archived test and graphic files.

7. Access engine RPM on OBD II equipped vehicles and interface with OBD and OBD II scan tools.

8. Recall as well as provide vehicle inspection report (VIR) reprint capability for at least 100 emission test records.

9. Interface with an optional partial-flow opacity-measuring device, display and record to the test record.

10. Optionally provide multimedia functionality, with audio/video (AVI) capability for video presentations and teleconferencing, and internal hardware for graphic frame capture.

The BAR reserves the right to add additional programs and functional performance requirements, up to the technical limits of the hardware, to improve the Smog Check program.

Manufacturers may offer analyzers with additional disk drives that can run optional software/hardware application programs; however, the computer shall not be bootable from any additional drive, nor shall any program run from one of these drives have access to the computers operating system. Programs run from an additional drive shall not be capable of interfering with, modifying, corrupting or interrupting any inspection-related program, procedure, or file.

2.3.1 Minimum Required Microcomputer Configuration
Computers meeting this specification shall be backward compatible; i.e., be capable of running previous versions of EIS software and hardware.

a) Operating System
Each unit must be supplied with an IBM PC-compatible, multi-tasking operating system, which provides transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP/IP) capability such as OS/2 connect or a MS WindowsTM variant. The BAR may approve other systems, which do not initially have full TCP/IP and multi-tasking capabilities if the manufacturer agree to meet the requirements upon the first software update. This upgrade shall be provided at no additional cost to the purchaser.

b) Processor
The processor shall be IBM PC-compatible. Processing speed shall be equivalent to, or faster than, a computer equipped with a 750 MHz or greater.

c) Random Access Memory (RAM)
The system must contain at least 256Mb of user-available RAM and must be expandable to at least 512 Mb.

d) Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
Upon power up, the system must include a ROM BIOS (basic input/output system) that provides a self diagnostic routine to check the performance of critical PC components (including, at a minimum, the processor, firmware, ROM, hard disk, keyboard, clock, set-up RAM and memory), and enable full use of the operating system. The BIOS must fully support all supplied components (an alternative may be approved by the BAR upon request).

e) Cache Memory
The processor must use at least 128K cache memory. If more than one processor is used for the central processing, then for each additional processor, 128K more cache memory must be added.

f) Bus
When equipped with all BAR specified options, each unit must provide two slots for future expansion, include at least 1 free PCI slot for future expansion. The PCI expansion slot or slots must be fully PCI-compliant ("plug-and-play") and be capable of mapping IRQ 14 & 15. If the video or hard drive interfaces are provided by the motherboard, it shall be capable of being disabled.

g) Monitors: Display Screen & Drive Trace
The active screen area must be in color, of .28 dot pitch or less, and measure at least 13" diagonally. The monitor must be capable of noninterlaced resolution up to 1024 X 768 or greater. Power and video connections shall be user accessible without opening the cabinet to allow user replacement of the monitor.

The display must interface with a color graphics adapter fully compatible with the IBM SVGA color graphics adapter. This interface must be capable of operating in noninterlaced modes up to a resolution of 1024 X 768 or greater while emulating 64K colors or more. The video adapter must be equipped with a 64-bit accelerator chip (or better) to increase its video processing speed and must be PCI bus-compliant. The video adapter must be capable of displaying DVD video. The monitor shall be capable of being replaced without opening the EIS cabinet.

The above specifications do not apply to a second portable monitor that may be provided for the driver. However, this monitor must display all warnings and information required to perform the driving portion of the test (RPM, drive trace, etc.). This second monitor is subject to BAR approval.

A screen saver shall be provided for the monitor(s).

h) Floppy Disk
One 1.44Mb floppy drive is required. The floppy drives must have an external door protecting them from contamination (dust). The analyzer's cooling fan (if equipped) shall not create a negative pressure in the case unless the floppy drive(s) are sealed to prevent this negative pressure from drawing dust into the drive. The secured floppy disk shall be designated the "A" drive.

i) Compact Disc (CD)
Each analyzer sold after this specification release date must be equipped with one CD/DVD drive. The disk drive must be protected from contamination in the shop environment. The CD/DVD drive shall be capable of reading disks that are formatted per ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format. The CD drive shall be designated the "H" drive. The minimum acceptable sustained transfer rate is 30x for CDs and 2.5x for DVDs and must be multimedia and photo CD compatible as a minimum. A means for providing security to prevent unauthorized access to lower level system functions shall be submitted by the manufacturer for BAR approval.

j) Hard Disk
Each unit must come with at least 20 gigabytes of usable formatted uncompressed hard disk storage. The vendor must leave at least 15 gigabytes of usable storage for the BAR and 5 gigabytes of graphic/audio and text storage allotted to the technician. Second-by-second data, emission inspection data (including graphics) and vehicle data will be stored in the BAR storage area. The system shall warn the technician with a screen prompt when the hard disk is within 10% of being full in any of the allotted storage areas. The hard disk is to be self-parking, shock mounted, and able to operate reliably in the expected hostile garage environment. The hard disk must also include a BAR-approved method of limiting logical access to BAR data and programs. The hard disk containing the BAR programs and files shall be designated the "D:" drive. The hard drive's minimum acceptable burst transfer (external transfer) shall be 7,000 kilobytes per second. The hard drive's minimum acceptable sustained transfer (internal transfer) shall be 2,000 kilobytes per second. The minimum acceptable average random access time shall be 14ms. No software cache can be used when measuring transfer rate or access times.

k) Hard Disk Interface
The hard disk interface must be PCI bus-compliant and use enhanced IDE Mode 4 (ATA 100 or better) or Fast SCSI-2 (or better) or alternative approved by the BAR. The hard disk interface must be capable of maintaining a minimum transfer rate of 8,000 kilobytes per second with all peripherals installed (including options).

l) I/O Ports
The unit must include at least one DOS/IBM compatible parallel port. The printer may be connected to this port.

In addition, the unit must include two baud rate programmable (300 to 115.2K or more) I/O serial ports using BAR CPC female connectors with the following pin outs. One of these ports is for use with an external fuel cap tester (unless the fuel cap test system is provided internally). A second CPC port shall be reserved for a future liquid fuel evaporation tester. Systems may only have 1 external CPC ports if the gas cap tester is internal.

The EIS shall include two Universal Serial Bus (USB) version 1.2 ports for future communication with BAR approved devices. If only one port is available, its expandability into two ports (hub) shall be demonstrated functional. These ports shall be fully installed including all necessary wiring and connections. Ports may be software disabled, but shall not require additional hardware to become active.

All BAR-reserved serial ports (BAR CPC and DB25) shall use 16550 UART chips or better. All I/O ports shall be clearly labeled and easily accessible and may be shared. All BAR CPC pinouts shall be as follows:

ANALYZER BAR CPC REVERSE CONNECTOR
This connector must be compatible with an AMP 211398-1.

PINS	SIGNAL
1	GND
2	+12v
3	RTS..........RESET (request to send)
4	RESERVED (open)
5	SHIELD - GND
6	TXD.....................TRANSMIT DATA
7	RCV.....................RECEIVE DATA

The BAR CPC ports will supply software switchable 12 VDC to equipment attached. The +12V pin must provide circuit protection from shorts, or overload. The circuit protection can be in the form of a fuse, circuit breaker, etc. The circuit protection must be easily accessible to the operating technician for fuse replacement and or circuit beaker reset (unless automatic reset). The circuit must be capable of handling at least 6 watts.

CPC CONNECTOR DIAGRAM

Square Flange Receptacle

Example Flanged Receptacle

 

Sample Plug Assembly

2.3.2 Keyboard and Pointing Device
The EIS keyboard must be fully interfaced with the microcomputer and have all of the necessary normal, numeric, cursor, control, shift, alternate, and function keys needed to operate a standard IBM PC-compatible computer. A full-sized keyboard with at least 101 keys should be provided. The keyboard shall be readily available through retail outlets. The keyboard shall be removable and replaceable without requiring access to a secured area within the EIS cabinet. The keyboard must accept a standard keyboard connector. Provisions for a pointing device must be provided. If not built in, then a common connector (PS2, DB 9-pin, etc.) must be provided. The device driver must be active and compatible with an MS Mouse. The pointing device must have a sensitivity adjustment available to the technician. BAR may approve other pointing devices, such as light pens. The keyboard and the pointing device shall be capable of being replaced without opening the cabinet.

2.3.3 Modem
The IBM PC compatible modem, digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, wireless, or other similar new technology shall support the following protocol:

? Modulation: ITU (International Telecommunications Union, formerly the CCITT) V.22, V.22bis, V.32, V.32bis, V.34.

? Error control: ITU V.42, MNP (Microcom Network Protocol) 2, 3 and 4.

? Compression: ITU V.42bis, MNP 5.

? Connect Time: The modem must be capable of achieving a link with the VID at 56K baud or higher.

The modems must support at least the following baud rates: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 12k, 14.4k, 19.2k, 21.6k, 24k, 26.4k, 28.8k, 56k asynchronous operation.

The modem must support the industry-standard AT command set.

If the modem is not using a common expansion bus slot or a common I/O jack (such as a modem that is an integral part of the motherboard), then a means of disabling the modem and an expansion slot or another high speed I/O port must be provided with the intent of supporting an upgraded modem if needed for future expansion.

If the EIS has performed three complete vehicle inspection tests without one successful communication with the VID out of the six attempts, the modem shall be reinitialized. The EIS manufacturers shall submit their reinitialization methods to the BAR Engineering for approval. Alternative methods for restoring proper modem may be presented by the EIS manufacturer for BAR review.

The modem lights (if equipped) shall not be visible to the Smog Check technician. The speaker shall remain off at all times and may not be turned on except for manufacturer or BAR diagnostic testing. The manufacturer shall submit a plan for modem diagnostics for approval by the BAR.

The analyzer shall have a standard, female modular telephone connector located on the back of the analyzer. The telephone cord shall not be attached to the power cord. The telephone line shall be enclosed in a protective cable meeting BAR and UL approval. Alternative methods may be submitted to the BAR for approval.

2.3.4 Optional Diagnostic Assistance
This function shall be offered as an option. When analyzers are submitted to the BAR for certification, this option shall be demonstrated.

Compatibility with H.324 (from International Telecommunications Union's Telecommunication Standardization Sector - ITU-T) and T120 (white boarding) is required. One multifunction device or multiple devices (video capture board, audio board, modem, etc.) may provide this. The EIS must demonstrate ability to perform all functions.

a) Video
All video components listed in this section shall be capable of meeting the following requirements.

1. Capture images in 65536 colors, at a resolution of 800 x 600 pixels, at a minimum rate of one frame per second and saving the frames to the hard drive in TIFF-LZW format. For certification, one 30 second segment of moving video and 10 still frames.

2. Receive full motion audio/video files and play them when triggered by time, manually or upon request via modem. These files shall be in a format that will run under Microsoft.

3. Capture still images and provide moving video for teleconferencing. The video teleconferencing system must be capable of displaying at least 10 frames per second, color, at a minimum of 160 x 112-pixel resolution.

Alternative standards may be submitted to BAR for approval.

Two BNC video connectors shall provide the capability of connecting two cameras. The connectors shall be externally accessible.

4. Display DVD video from the DVD drive.

b) Audio
A speaker is required on this optional system to provide the ability to play AVI files. This speaker shall also have the capability of providing audio for video teleconferencing or diagnostic assistance.

An external speaker connector is required to provide the ability to connect an external speaker or speakers to this audio system. An industry-standard speaker connector shall be used for the external connector and shall be easily accessible.

If equipped with a handset or headset and internal and/or external speakers, they shall be switchable on and off and shall have volume controls easily accessible to the technician.

An internal microphone may be provided at the manufacturer's discretion. The external microphone connector shall be a common type used for microphones. The audio system shall be capable of H.324 telecommunication. The microphone and handset/headset are not required at this time; however, the connectors and the functionality of the audio system with these components are required and must be demonstrated.

2.3.5 Printer
The EIS unit shall use a printer capable of printing: at least 4 pages of text per minute, on 8.5" x 11" paper, at 96 characters per line, and 6 lines per inch. This printer will be used to print inspection reports and diagnostic information. The printer must print high-quality graphics at 600dpi or better. Text must be at 300dpi or better. If not continuous feed, the printer must be capable of printing on 8.5" x 14" paper. Printers must have enough memory to print twelve 176 x 144 resolution (1.5" x 1.25") graphic images (pixels) in 64 shades of gray with the remainder of the 8.5 x 14 page filled with text. Page printers (printers that process total pages in memory before printing them) must be expandable to 4Mb of memory. Vehicle inspection reports (VIR) shall be printed for passing and failing vehicle inspections and as duplicates for a passing/failing inspection.

The printer shall print a VIR duplicating the font and clarity provided in the example VIRs (see Appendix C). This is intended to ensure uniformity between manufacturers for style and size.

The printers shall be easily accessible to allow the clearing of paper jams, replacement of paper, ink cartridges, toner, etc. The printer shall be replaceable by the customer with the same make and model.

2.3.6 Running Changes and Other Hardware Modifications
Any changes to design characteristics, component specifications and any modifications to the hardware must be approved by BAR. (NOTE: If software is an integral part of any component, such as the analyzer optical bench, it shall also be subject to the requirements of this section.) It will be the instrument manufacturer's responsibility to confirm that such changes have no detrimental effect on analyzer performance.

a) Only BAR-approved hardware configurations and options may be used in BAR-97 analyzers.

b) All proposed hardware modifications and options must be thoroughly tested before being submitted to BAR.

c) ALL proposed hardware modifications, including manufacturer-initiated modifications, must be submitted to BAR for testing and approval as follows:

1. Submit a modified BAR-97 analyzer to BAR Engineering or arrange to update the Engineering test unit.

2. An application and cover letter containing the following information shall accompany all proposed hardware modifications:

i. A description of all of the proposed modifications to be performed (including manufacturer-initiated modifications), a parts list and the installation instructions for the field service representative. Any modifications to the bench or sample system shall also be accompanied with test data and an engineering evaluation regarding the effects of the proposed modifications on the performance and reliability of the analyzer.

ii. A timeline showing when the modifications are expected to be performed (start to finish), and how many existing units will be updated.

iii. If any special procedures are needed to perform the hardware modifications, describe the procedures for performing the update.

iv. If the proposed hardware modifications require changes or additions to the software, documentation for the software update shall be submitted as indicated above.

v. Test data showing the EIS meets specification with the modification(s) implemented.

3. Beta Testing- Depending on the type and number of modifications proposed, the bureau may require testing at BAR-approved beta test sites prior to release. The BAR will perform verification tests prior to releasing it for beta testing. See Section 5.12 of this specification for beta testing details.

2.4 EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT FOR THE EIS
This section defines the requirements for the equipment needed to determine the concentrations of the exhaust gases of interest during the BAR-97 loaded-mode and two-speed idle tests. It covers the analyzers/sensors and sampling systems, including sampling probes, hoses, and filters.

2.4.1 General
The analyzer shall be compatible with all types of automotive service operating environments. The analyzer shall operate under the conditions and performance requirements listed below.

2.4.2 Measured Gases
Gases to be measured are hydrocarbons (HC), in parts per million as hexane (ppmh); carbon monoxide (CO), in percent; carbon dioxide (CO2), in percent; oxygen (O2), in percent; nitric oxide (NO), in ppm. Opacity of diesel exhaust shall be offered as an option.

2.4.3 Types of Analyzers
HC, CO, and CO2 shall be measured by means of nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analysis. NO shall be measured by means of nondispersive ultraviolet (NDUV), nondispersive infrared (NDIR), chemiluminescent device (CLD), or other device* meeting requirements in this specification. The EIS manufacturer and the device manufacturer shall cooperate in the development of a satisfactory communication protocol. These protocols shall be shared upon manufacturer and / or BAR request, to allow device interchangeability through standardized communication. All NO-measuring devices, regardless of technology, must have EIS-manufacturer-generated test data showing that they meet the applicable requirements of this specification.

2.4.4 Sampling Systems (excluding Opacity)
Sampling systems shall draw exhaust gas from the vehicle under test, shall remove particulate matter and aerosols from the sampled gas, shall drain the condensed water from the sample if necessary, and shall deliver the resultant gas sample to the analyzers/sensors for analysis. The sampling system shall, at a minimum, consist of a tailpipe probe, flexible sample line, a continuously draining water removal system, particulate trap, sample pump and flow control components. The sample system and its components shall be designed to conduct loaded mode testing. This may include the need for active water removal from the sample, e.g., installation of a chiller. Provisions shall be made for the introduction of zero air and calibration gases, as discussed below.

2.4.5 Analyzer Requirements

a) Automatic Zero: The analyzer shall conduct an automatic zero adjustment (or equivalent, with BAR approval), prior to each test. The zero adjustment shall include the HC, CO, CO2 and NO channels. The O2 channel shall have its span adjusted while the other channels are being zeroed. The analyzer shall perform two steps while zeroing:

1. Zero Air: The analyzer shall be zeroed, and the O2 sensor spanned, using either bottled or generated zero air. See 'c.3.i for zero air requirements.

2. Ambient Air: Ambient air, filtered for particulates, shall be introduced to the analyzer before the sample pump, but after the sample probe, hose and filter/water trap. The analyzer shall record the concentrations of the five measured gases, but shall make no adjustments.

When the analyzer performs a HC hangup check before the start of an inspection, the recorded ambient air readings shall be subtracted from the sampling readings to determine the amount of HC hangup (residual HC) in the sampling system.

The analyzer shall be locked out from testing until (a) the ambient air has less than 15 ppm HC, 0.02% CO and 25 ppm NO, and (b) until the residual HC obtained through the sample probe is less than 7 ppm.

b) Zero Drift Lockout Threshold: If zero and/or span drift cause the infrared signal levels to move beyond the adjustment range of the analyzer, the operator shall be locked out from testing and instructed to call for service. (The analyzer manufacturer shall indicate, in writing, at what point the drift lockout will occur.)

c) Calibration and Leak Check: The analyzer shall, to the maximum extent possible, maintain accuracy between gas calibrations taking into account all errors including noise, repeatability, drift, linearity, temperature and barometric pressure.

1. General: The analyzer shall automatically require and successfully pass a floppy drive check, leak check and a gas calibration for HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NO using a method that is approved by the BAR. This must be performed at least every three days or the analyzer shall lock itself out from further I/M tests. The gas calibration shall ensure that accuracy specifications are satisfied or the analyzer shall be automatically prohibited from performing any portion of the I/M test. The gas calibration procedure shall correct the readings to the center of the allowable tolerance range, and shall be within +/- 1.0% of the calibration gas cylinder's label values. When a gas calibration is initiated, the analyzer channels shall actually be adjusted. It is not sufficient to merely check the calibration and do nothing if the analyzer is within allowable tolerances.

The EIS manufacturer shall ensure that the flow rates and fluid pressures through the analyzer benches and sensors stay the same, regardless of whether the source of the flow is the calibration ports or the sample probe. This principle of balanced flow and pressure shall be maintained whether EIS units are equipped with a NO sensor or not. The balance shall be such that low range calibration gas readings, taken on a freshly-calibrated EIS, are within +/-1% or 1 least significant digit of each other when the gas is fed through the calibration port, and then through the sample probe.

2. Gas Calibration Procedure: Gas calibration shall be accomplished by introducing gases traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) into the analyzer either through the calibration port or through the probe. The EIS manufacturers, together with their analyzer / sensor supplier, shall determine which of the following two calibration methods will provide the better and more consistent accuracy for the analyzer / sensor as installed in the EIS.

Single Point - High range calibration gas shall be introduced first, and the analyzer output shall be adjusted to the center of the tolerance range. Low range calibration gas shall then be introduced and the analyzer output automatically checked (not adjusted) to verify that it is within the allowable reading tolerances.

Two-Point - Low range calibration gas shall be introduced first, and the analyzer output shall be adjusted to the center of the tolerance range. High range calibration gas shall then be introduced, and the analyzer output shall be adjusted to the center of the tolerance range.

3. Calibration Gases: Calibration span gases and zero air utilized for calibration shall have a ±2% blend tolerance and a ±1% certified accuracy, and shall be provided by a BAR-certified gas blender. No more than 2 liters of each gas shall be required to successfully perform a gas calibration; exceptions shall be subject to BAR approval.

The analyzer shall be designed, in a manner approved by the BAR, to accommodate the gas cylinders, air generators and other hardware necessary to perform the three-day gas calibration. Other configurations may be submitted for BAR's consideration. Note that if air generators are used to provide zero air, the resulting oxygen content shall be ±3% of the nominal value. The analyzer shall be equipped with a gas calibration port. Gas cylinder mounting shall provide adequate room for routine access, servicing and replacement of cylinders, regulators, etc., as well as scanning the cylinder bar code labels. Brackets and other hardware shall be located so that analyzer stability and impact protection are considered in the design. The gas cylinder storage area shall be actively ventilated to prevent gas buildup in case of leakage.

The analyzer manufacturers shall design the connectors used with the gas cylinders so those cylinders containing different concentrations or compositions of gas cannot be switched. As an alternative, manufacturers may use the same connectors on all required cylinders if they display a message instructing the operator to properly connect the hoses to the gas calibration cylinders when they are not connected correctly. In addition for this alternative, some type of reasonably permanent, prominent label or tag shall be used to readily identify which hose should be attached to which cylinder. Other alternatives may be presented to the bureau for consideration. In any event, disposable cylinders shall be equipped with CGA 165 connectors. Jumbo disposable cylinders (zero air only) shall be equipped with CGA 182 connectors. High-pressure cylinders (zero air only) shall be equipped with CGA 590 connectors.

The following calibration gases shall be used:

i. Zero Air (blend code #37):
Concentrations: 20.9% O2, balance N2.
Impurities: <1 ppm THC, CO, NO; <200 ppm CO2.

ii. Low Range (blend code #32 / without NO #31):
200 ppm propane
0.50% carbon monoxide
6.0% carbon dioxide
300 ppm nitric oxide <3 ppm NO2
Balance: oxygen-free nitrogen

iii. High Range (blend code #35 / without NO #34):
3200 ppm propane
8.00% carbon monoxide
12.0% carbon dioxide
3000 ppm nitric oxide <30 ppm NO2
Balance: oxygen-free nitrogen

BAR-97 EIS units that are not equipped with NO-measurement capability
may use tri-blend calibration gases: i.e., gas blends that contain propane,
CO, and CO2 in concentrations as above, but containing no nitric oxide.

4. Zero Air Supply Cylinders & Generators: Zero air may be supplied to the analyzer from either: low-pressure (disposable) cylinders, high-pressure (refillable) cylinders, or zero air generators. Specifications for the cylinders may be found in the gas blender specification. If the EIS manufacturer opts to use a zero air generator (ZAG), it shall meet the following minimum requirements.

i. Output Air Purity: Generator output air shall meet the purity requirements of c) 3. i., above, when provided with inlet air containing no more than 100 ppm total hydrocarbons as methane, 100 ppm CO, 1,500 ppm CO2, and 50 ppm NOx.

ii. Output Dewpoint: # -40F (# -40oC)

iii. Output Particulates: Filtration shall be 99.99% effective at 0.5 micron.

iv. Operating Temperature Range: +35oF to +110oF (2oC to 43oC)

v. Warm up Time: The zero air generator shall be capable of providing a stabilized supply of air meeting the output purity and dewpoint requirements listed above in less than 30 minutes. During the warm up process, outlet flow from the zero air generator shall be prevented. In addition, the ZAG shall provide some indication to the operator that it is warming up. The indication might be a lamp or lamp combination on the face of a ZAG that is external to the EIS, or an electrical or electronic signal to the EIS if the ZAG is internal to the EIS. At the completion of a successful warm up, a System Ready indication shall be activated, and outlet airflow permitted.

vi. Inlet Air: The ZAG shall accept and purify compressed ("shop") air. The ZAG shall meet the performance requirements of this specification with inlet air pressures ranging from 80 psig to 120 psig as a minimum. If the inlet air pressure falls below the minimum level for proper operation of the ZAG, an indication shall be given and the outlet air flow shut off.

vii. NOx removal: shall be accomplished at a stage in the purification sequence that will minimize the formation of nitric acid, which could corrode the metal and plastic parts. If scrubbing is used, the scrubber shall have a minimum life of one year when challenged with 50 ppm NOx. As an option, the ZAG may be supplied with an elapsed time indication to alert the operator that service is necessary.

viii. HC & CO Removal: HC and CO shall be removed from the air stream by catalytic action. The catalyst shall have a minimum life span of three years. As an option, the ZAG may be supplied with an elapsed time indication to alert the operator that service is necessary. If, at any time, the catalyst temperature falls below that required for HC and CO removal, outlet flow shall be shut off and an indication given. If the temperature should subsequently rise above its minimum operating temperature, e.g., after a power outage, the indication shall automatically be removed and outlet flow resumed.

ix. CO2 Removal: CO2 shall be the last component removed. Removal shall be by means of pressure swing absorption (PSA) technology. If the PSA valve fails, the ZAG's outlet flow shall be shut off and an indication given.

x. Pressure Regulator: A pressure regulator inside the ZAG shall provide a fixed outlet pressure specified by the EIS manufacturer.

xi. Alternative Configurations: Alternative configurations and removal technologies may be presented to the BAR for consideration.

xii. Power Spikes: Externally mounted ZAGs shall have a "Power On" lamp. Power spikes shall not affect the operation of the ZAG.

xiii. Mounting: The air generator may be mounted either internally or externally to the EIS cabinet; however, the configuration (1) shall comply with all applicable electrical and safety codes, (2) shall meet applicable Underwriters Laboratories requirements (or BAR-approved equivalent), and (3) shall not cause the response time requirements of '2.4.5. r) and 2.4.6 g) to be exceeded. In any event, the separation between an externally mounted zero air generator and the EIS cabinet shall not exceed 25 feet.

xiv. Connecting Hose: As a minimum, the hose connecting an externally mounted zero air generator and the EIS cabinet shall meet the analyzer sample hose requirements specified in section 2.4.6.b, shall be capable of withstanding a minimum of 200 psig internal pressure, and shall out gas no more than 10 ppm hydrocarbons between 35F and 110F. Acceptable materials include the following types of new and clean hose or tubing: copper, stainless steel, nylon or nylon core (type 11 / r78), PTFE/FEP (teflon), superthane or polyurethane (polyether based only), synflex 4262.

xv. Bar Code Labels: Zero air generators mounted outside the EIS cabinet shall have their bar code labels positioned on an external surface of the generator so that the labels may be conveniently scanned. Zero air generators mounted inside the EIS cabinet shall have their bar code labels mounted on the generator surface that can be scanned if the cabinet is opened. The EIS manufacturer shall mount additional labels (identical to those mounted on the generator) on a surface of the EIS cabinet, so that they may be conveniently scanned by the Smog Check technician.

5. High Pressure Zero Air Cylinder Mounting: Low pressure disposable
cylinders may be located in or outside the cabinet. Disposable cylinders
located outside the cabinet shall be secured with a bracket.
High pressure aluminum cylinders shall be attached to a fixed object (wall, pole, etc.) or if not available may be secured to the EIS cabinet, in such a
manner as to protect the cylinder's valve and pressure regulator from
accidental impact.

6. Cylinder Pressure Regulators

i. Pressure regulators shall conform to the requirements of CGA Standard E-4, 3rd Edition (1994) or later.

ii. Rated pressure of the regulator shall be equal to or greater than the rated pressure of the cylinder on which it is to be used, corrected to 50oC (122oF). For example, a regulator to be used with a low-pressure disposable cylinder whose fill pressure is 260 psig at 20oC (68oF) must have a rated pressure of [(260 +15) x(50 + 273)/(20 + 273)] -15 = 288 psig, or the next highest standard rating, as a minimum, where 15 as an adder converts psig to psia, and 273 as an adder converts degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin.

iii. Pressure gauges used with the regulators shall conform to all requirements of CGA Standard E-4, (see §5.7).

iv. Pressure gauge accuracy shall meet or exceed the requirements of CGA Standard E-4, (see §5.7.3.1).

v Droop/Rise Characteristics: The change in regulator output pressure with decrease in cylinder pressure shall not cause a calibration error of more than ±1% (see §5.4.15). To meet this requirement, EIS manufacturers may use more than one regulator in series, if necessary.

7. Other Requirements: The gas calibration and leak check procedures shall require no more than five minutes. The analyzer shall provide adequate prompts on the display to guide the Smog Check technician through the calibration procedure in a manner that minimizes the amount of gas used. The analyzer shall be designed to keep the loss of calibration gas to an absolute minimum (less than 0.1 liter in 24 hours) if the operator forgets to shut the valve off.

8. Alternate Calibration Frequencies: Proposals for less frequent gas calibrations will be subjected to lengthy accuracy and drift tests. Proposals of this type shall be thoroughly evaluated (e.g., lab as well as field testing in the range of the required span points for accuracy and drift for extended periods of time) and characterized prior to submission to BAR.

d) Propane Equivalency Factor (PEF): The nominal PEF range shall be between 0.490 and 0.540. For each audit/calibration point, the nominal PEF shall be conveniently displayed for the quality assurance inspectors and the BAR field representatives, in a manner acceptable to the BAR. If an optical bench must be replaced in the field, the manufacturer's Field Service Representative (FSR) shall change any external labels to correspond to the nominal PEF of the new bench. The analyzer shall incorporate an algorithm relating PEF to HC concentration. Corrections shall be made automatically. The corrected PEF value may cover the range of 0.470 to 0.560.

e) NDIR/UV Beam Strength: The beam strength from the source to the detector for all channels shall be monitored such that when the beam degrades beyond the adjustment range of the analyzer, the analyzer shall be locked out from operation. The manufacturer shall specify at what point degradation occurs whereby the signal cannot be corrected.

f) Date of Last Gas Calibration: The date of the last gas calibration shall be kept in non-volatile memory (or on the hard disk) and shall be displayed on the status page. When the system check is adjusted, if the date/time change, positive or negative, is greater than 48 hours, three-day gas calibration/leak check shall be required.

g) Lockout Criteria: If the EIS has not successfully passed a gas calibration and a leak check for a period of three days or more, it shall lock itself out from performing an official I/M test and shall display a message to the operator upon startup.

h) Audit Gas Pressure: During a gas audit, analyzer readings shall not change by more than 1% of the reading if the audit gas pressure is modified by ±1.5 PSI from the atmospheric absolute pressure at the probe.

i) Audit Gas Blends and Gas Audit Procedure:
There shall be four audit gas blends: Low Range, Mid Range #1, Mid Range #2, and High Range. Their concentrations, with ±2% blend tolerance and ±1% certified accuracy, shall be as follows:

i. Zero Air
Same as zero air calibration gas, except that CO2 impurity level shall be <1 ppm

ii. Low Range
Same as Low Range calibration gas

iii. Mid Range #1
960 ppm propane
2.40% carbon monoxide
3.6% carbon dioxide
900 ppm nitric oxide
Balance: oxygen-free nitrogen

iv. Mid Range #2
1920 ppm propane
4.80% carbon monoxide
7.2% carbon dioxide
1800 ppm nitric oxide
Balance: oxygen-free nitrogen

v. High Range
Same as High Range calibration gas

NOTE: BAR reserves the right to audit analyzer accuracy using gas blends having component concentrations other than those listed above.

The audit procedure shall be as follows (see BAR's 'Gas Audit Protocol' for detailed procedure)

1. Zero the analyzer.
2. Perform a leak check.
3. Enter the State/QA Audit mode or the corresponding field service mode.
4. Flow the Low Range audit gas through the sample probe, ensuring that the pressure at the probe tip is equal to ambient barometric pressure ± 0.1 in. Hg. (A balloon teed into the gas flow line is an acceptable pressure indicator. It should stand upright, but not inflated.).
5. When the HC, CO, CO2 and NO readings have stabilized (no less than 60 seconds of gas flow), record them, as well as the PEF value at each audit blend. (NOTE: The Gas Audit Mode shall present the HC readings in terms of ppm propane, or shall offer the choice of reading in terms of ppm hexane or ppm propane. The auditor shall select and record readings in terms of ppm propane.)
6. Repeat Steps 4 & 5 for Mid Range #1, Mid Range #2 and High Range audit gases. This sequence of gases must be strictly followed.
7. Repeat Steps 4 and 5 using zero air, and record the stabilized O2 reading.
8. Compare the readings with the audit gas values. The following relationship shall be used:

Where A = ±4.0% or ±12 ppmp (parts per million as propane) HC, whichever is greater,

± 4.0% or ±0.04%CO, whichever is greater
± 4.0% or ±0.4% CO2, whichever is greater
± 5.0% or ± 27ppm NO, whichever is greater
± 5.5% or ± 0.3% O2, whichever is greater

j)Range and Accuracy:

Emissions Analyzer Range and Accuracy

Gas	Range	Accuracy (% of point)	Accuracy (absolute)	Range	Accuracy (% of point)	Accuracy (absolute)
HC	0-2000 ppmh	±3%	4 ppmh	2001 - 5000 ppmh >5000 ppmh	±5% ±10%	N/A
CO	0-10.00%	± 3%	0.02% CO	10.01-14.00%	±5%	N/A
CO2	0-16%	±3%	0.3% CO2	16.1 - 18%	±5%	N/A
NO	0-4000 ppm	±4%	25 ppm	4001-5000 ppm	±8%	N/A
O2	0-25%	±5%	0.1% O2	-	-	-

Rounding beyond the decimal places shown in the table shall follow the standard mathematical practice of going to next higher number for any numerical value of five or more.

NOTE: This shall also hold true for pass/fail decisions during an I/M inspection. For example, if 2.00% CO passes but 2.01% CO fails and the reading is 2.0049%, the value shall be rounded down and the decision shall be "Pass;" however, if the reading is 2.0050, the value shall be rounded up and the decision shall be "Fail." Thus, the value displayed and printed on the VIR shall be consistent with the value used for the pass/fail decision.

k) Repeatability:

Emissions Analyzer Repeatability

Gas	Range	Retestability (% of point)	Repeatability (absolute)	Range	Repeatability (% of point)	Repeatability (absolute)
HC	0-1400 ppmh	±2%	3 ppmh	1400 - 2000 ppmh	±3%	N/A
CO	0-7.00%	± 2%	0.02% CO	7.01-10.00%	±3%	N/A
CO2	0-10%	±2%	0.1% CO2	10 - 16%	-	N/A
NO	0-4000 ppm	±3%	20 ppm	-	-	-
O2	0-25%	±3%	0.1% O2	-	-	-

Accuracy and repeatability shall be defined by the test procedures in Section 5.

l) Noise:

Emissions Analyzer Noise

Gas	Range	Retestability (% of point)	Repeatability (absolute)	Range	Repeatability (% of point)	Repeatability (absolute)
HC	0-1400 ppmh	±0.8%	2 ppmh	1400 - 2000 ppmh	±1%	N/A
CO	0-7.00%	±0.82%	0.01% CO	7.01-10.00%	1±%	N/A
CO2	0-10%	±0.8%	0.1% CO2	10 - 16%	1±%	N/A
NO	0-4000 ppm	±1%	10 ppm	-	-	-
O2	0-25%	±1.5%	0.1% O2	-	-	-

Noise shall be defined operationally as follows: Sample Mid Range #1 Audit Gas for 20 seconds. Collect all the analyzer output readings for each channel over the 20 seconds. (For example, if the analyzer outputs are read by the EIS at the rate of twice per second, the total number of readings would be 40.) The peak-to-peak noise shall be calculated as:

Where xi = the ith reading of the set of readings
= the arithmetic average of the set of readings
n = the total number of readings

The noise, as calculated above, shall be within the limits specified in the table above, AND, in the set of data collected, no more than 5% of the readings in the set shall deviate (peak-to-peak) from the average by more than 150% of the specified limits.

m) Minimum Analyzer Display Resolution: The analyzer electronics shall have sufficient resolution and accuracy to achieve the following:

HC	1 ppm	HC
CO	0.01%	CO
CO2	0.1%	CO2
NO	1 ppm	NO
02 (optional)	0.1%	O2
RPM	1 mph
Speed	0.1 mph
Load	0.1 hp

 

n) Display Refresh Rate: Dynamic information being displayed shall be refreshed at a minimum of twice per second. Alternatives may be submitted to the BAR for its approval.

o) Interference Effects: The interference effects from non-interest gases shall not exceed ±4 ppm for HC, ±0.02% for CO, ±0.20% for CO2, or ±20 ppm for NO. Corrections for collision-broadening effects of combined high CO and CO2 concentrations shall be taken into account in developing the factory calibration curves, and is included in the accuracy specifications. Interference gases shall be as follows:

Interference Gases
16%	Carbon Dioxide in Nitrogen
1600 ppm	Hexane in Nitrogen
10%	Carbon Monoxide in Nitrogen
3000 ppm	Nitric Oxide in Nitrogen
75 ppm	Hydrogen Sulfide in Nitrogen
75 ppm	Sulfur Dioxide in Nitrogen
28 ppm each	Benzene, Xylene, Toluene in Nitrogen (NDUV only)
18%	Carbin Dioxide and 9% Carbon Monoxide in Nitrogen
	Water-Saturated Hot Air

NOTE: Interference gases shall have a ±2% blend tolerance and ±2% certified accuracy.

p) Warm-up Time: The analyzer shall reach stability within 30 minutes at 35oF from startup. If an analyzer does not achieve stability within the allotted time frame, it shall be locked out from I/M testing and a message shall be displayed instructing the operator to call for service.

q) System Lockout During Warm-up: Functional operation of the gas sampling unit shall remain disabled through a system lockout until the instrument meets stability and warm-up requirements. The instrument shall be considered "warmed-up" when internal analyzer verifications are complete and the zero readings for HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NO have stabilized, within the allowable accuracy values, for five minutes without adjustment.

r) Analyzer/Sensor Response Times
Analyzer/sensor response times are defined as follows:

1. Rise time: When a gas is introduced to a sensor's sample cell inlet or inlet port, the time required by the sensors output to rise from first indication of response to the input gas (t0) to a given percentage of the final stable reading of a gas concentration. Two rise times are specified:

i. T90: The time required to reach 90% of the final gas concentration reading from first indication of response to the input gas.

ii. T95: The time required to reach 95% of the final gas concentration reading from first indication of response to the input gas.

2. Fall Time: When a gas is removed from a sensor's sample cell inlet or inlet port, the time required by the sensor's output to fall from first indication of withdrawal of the gas (tS) to a given percentage of the final stable reading of a gas's concentration. Two fall times are specified:

i. T10: The time required to fall to 10% of the stable gas concentration reading from first indication of withdrawal of the gas.

ii. T5: The time required to fall to 5% of the stable gas concentration reading from first indication of withdrawal of the gas.

Analyzer/Sensor Response Time Requirements

	HC, CO, CO2	NO
T90	3.5	4.5
T95	4.5	5.5
T10	3.7	4.7
T5	4.7	5.7

 

The differences between T90 and T10 and between T95 and T5 shall be no greater than 0.3 seconds.

Only the T90 and T10 times shall be measured and recorded during 3-day calibrations.

Note that the oxygen (O2) sensor's response time is specified as an overall system response time (see '2.4.6.g) in harmony with the generally accepted European specifications.

During a three-day calibration, the EIS measures the T90 and T10 response times of the CO, O2, and NO channels. If a channel exceeds its maximum allowable response time by one second (see table above), a warning shall be displayed; exceeding two-seconds shall cause the EIS to fail calibration. From the above table, absolute maximum failing response times for T90 are 5.5 seconds (CO) and 6.5 seconds (NO); and for T10 are 5.7 seconds (CO) and 6.7 seconds (NO). For O2, the corresponding T90 and T10 times are 7.5 seconds and 8.5 seconds, respectively.

NO readings shall be time aligned based on last calibration time. For example a new sensor that starts out with a 2 second T90 response time then degrades to a 3.2 second T90 response time, as measured during calibration, shall result in an additional time offset of 1.2 seconds.

s) HC Hangup
The HC hangup shall be 7 ppm or less before the EIS permits an I/M test to begin.

t) Emissions Accounting/Accuracy
The manufacturer shall ensure that its analytical system provides an accurate accounting of the actual exhaust emissions produced during the test, taking into consideration the individual channel accuracies, repeatabilities, interference effects, sample transport times and analyzer response times.

2.4.6 Sampling System Components

a) General: The system shall be designed to ensure durable, leak-free operation and shall be easily maintained.

The sampling system shall be designed to withstand typical vehicle exhaust temperatures when the vehicle is driven through the ASM5015 test cycle for 120 seconds.

Materials that are in contact with the gases sampled shall not contaminate or change the character of the gases to be analyzed. The sampling system shall be designed to resist corrosion and material degradation for at least five years.

The system shall be designed to ensure durable, leak-free operation and easy maintenance.

b) Sample Hose: The sample hose shall be 25 ft ±0.5 ft in length, when measured from the front of the EIS cabinet. On the main sample hose, the dual exhaust quick connect fitting shall be located at least 7 feet back from the probe. The auxiliary hose shall be equal in length to the distance from the dual exhaust quick connect to the probe on the main hose. Other configurations may be submitted to BAR for its consideration

The hose material in contact with the exhaust sample shall be nonporous and not subject to out gassing; it shall not absorb, adsorb, react with, or affect the sample in any manner. The outer coating of the hose shall be abrasion-resistant and unaffected by the substances found in a typical service facilities environment.

The sample hose shall be flexible, yet shall resist kinking and crushing, as defined in Section 5.

The sample hose shall be connected to the probe and to the analyzer sample system with screw-type fittings.

c) Sample Hose and Probe: The sample hose and probe shall withstand exhaust gas temperatures at the probe tip of up to 1100oF for five (5) minutes.

d) Sample Probe: The analyzer manufacturer shall equip the analyzer with a sampling probe, which meets the following criteria:

1. Retention - The probe shall incorporate a positive means of retention to prevent it from slipping out of the tailpipe when in use.

2. Hand Grip - A thermally-insulated, securely-attached hand grip shall be provided on the probe in such a manner that easy probe insertion using one hand is insured.

3. Flexibility - Manufacturers shall supply two types of removable probe tips with each analyzer sold. The probe and both probe tips shall meet the following criteria:

i. the probe shall be designed so that the tip extends 16 inches into the tailpipe;
ii. the probe and probe tip should be designed so the average garage operator can easily remove and reinstall them without special tools;
iii. a handle, made of thermally insulating materials, shall be attached to a rigid, reasonably non-crushable portion of tubing made of stainless steel or something equivalent, which can be easily removed from the sample line and reinstalled by the operator; and
iv. the probe tip shall be shielded so that debris is not scooped up by the probe when it is inserted into the tailpipe.
v. In addition, one of the probe tips supplied with the analyzer shall be of the traditional style meeting the following specifications:

a. flexible enough to extend into a 12-inch diameter exhaust pipe having a three-inch radius, 45-degree bend; and
b. the flexible portion shall be constructed so that it is sealed to prevent any sample dilution.

vi. Manufacturers shall also supply the analyzer with an essentially straight probe tip (no more than a 15o bend) meeting the following specifications:

a. made of stainless steel, 3/16 inch outside diameter (O.D.) solid-wall tubing, which is readily available;
b. designed so that the connector between the removable probe tip and the rigid portion of tubing is up inside the tailpipe at least three inches to reduce the effects of any leak that might occur: and
c. the probe tip shall be shielded so that debris is not scooped up by the probe when it is inserted into the tailpipe.

4. Serviceability - For the purposes of economical replacement, the flexible portion of the probe assembly shall be designed so it can be replaced. The probes supplied shall be readily available.

5. Materials - The probe shall be made of materials that will withstand exhaust temperatures up to 1100oF. Use of dissimilar metals with thermal expansion factors of more than five percent shall not be used in either the construction of probes or connectors.

6. Audit Gas Introduction - Probes shall be designed to allow, or shall be supplied with an adaptor allowing, the introduction of audit gas from a one-half inch inside diameter flexible hose. The probe tip or the adaptor shall be sized to provide a tight fit so that dilution cannot occur at the probe/hose connection.

7. Probe Cap - A probe tip cap suitable for performing a system leak check shall be provided if the vacuum decay method of leak check is utilized. The cap shall be permanently attached/tethered to the EIS. Otherwise, whatever hoses and connectors are necessary shall be provided to allow the operator to perform the leak check.

e) Particulate Filter and Water Trap

1. the particulate filter shall be capable of trapping at least 97% of all particulates and aerosols 5 microns or larger.
2. The filter element shall not absorb or adsorb hydrocarbons.
3. The water trap shall be sized to remove exhaust sample water from vehicles that are undergoing a loaded-mode test and that are fueled with gasoline, gasohol, propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), as well as with alternative and oxygenated fuels, such as methanol (M85), ethanol (E85), and reformulated gasolines with MTBE as the oxygenate. The filter element, bowl and housing shall be inert to these fuels as well as to the exhaust gases from vehicles burning these fuels. The condensed water shall be continuously drained from the water trap's bowl. Sufficient water shall be trapped, regardless of fuel, to prevent condensation in the sample system or in the optical bench's sample cell over the full range of ambient operating conditions (see §2.4.7, §2.4.8, and §2.4.12, while testing a vehicle under loaded-mode conditions. Consideration shall be given to incorporating active water removal, such as integration of a chiller, to remove the excess moisture generated in vehicle exhaust during a loaded-mode test.
4. All sample system filters shall meet BAR-97 Specification and meet or exceed EIS Manufacturer specifications. In the event BAR in-house aftermarket filter test procedures are deemed insufficient to quantify filter performance per OEM specifications by either EIS Manufacturer or Aftermarket parts supplier, the aftermarket parts supplier shall submit the OEM and aftermarket filters to an independent laboratory (not the same filter manufacturer) for comparison testing. Upon BAR review of independent lab test procedures and results BAR may issue approval.

f) System Leak Check: The analyzer shall require that a leak check be successfully passed on the same frequency as the gas calibration.

The analyzer shall not allow an error of more than 1% of reading using High Range BAR-97 span gas to perform the leak check.

g) System Response Time Requirements for Analyzer Channels:
The overall system response time of the analytical train comprises the Transport Time and the Analyzer/Sensor Response Time (see '2.4.5 r).

1. Transport Time: The time from the exhaust sample's entry into the tip of the sample probe until the analyzer/sensor first begins to respond to the sample. The Transport Time shall be no more than 5 seconds for HC, CO and CO2 and no more than 7.5 seconds for NO and O2.